Knowledge Management Portal

Women’s representation in Moldovan politics and decision-making processes is below international benchmarks. According the national survey, 60.3% of population believes that men are better political leaders than women, or women do not have the same rights as men. In the case of the leaders of economic and social units the differences in gender aspect are more pronounced. Of the total number of local entrepreneurs, the main share is formed of men (72.5%); the share of women constitutes only 27.5%. Thus, the number of male entrepreneurs is 2.6 times higher than that of the number of female entrepreneurs.

This national strategy for knowledge management at the level of agricultural research and advisory institutions should be aligned with the Green Generation strategy for agricultural and rural development. The strategy presented in this document is the result of the "National Workshop on Knowledge Management in the Agricultural Sector" which was held on July 8 and 9, 2021 at the Capacity Building Center of IAV Hassan II and brought together the institutions concerned by the Framework Convention on Knowledge Management and Transfer which are INRA, ENA-Meknes, ENFI and IAV Hassan II.

Video for the Knowledge Management Strategy for the Agricultural Sector Workshop, Morocco. 8 and 9 July 2021.

Overview of the knowledge management assets setup at IAV Hassan II, towards developing a KM strategy.

Photos of the Knowledge Management Strategy for the Agricultural Sector Workshop, Morocco. 8 and 9 July 2021.

Une étude expérimentale a été menée sur le blé dur à la station expérimentale de Marchouch de l’ICARDA. L’étude s’est intéressée au suivi des effets du mode de travail du sol (TC : travail conventionnel ; SD : semis direct), deux doses d’azote (60 kg /ha ; 120 kg /ha) et deux doses de semis (130 kg /ha ; 180 kg /ha). Dans l’objectif d’évaluer, d’une part, l’effet de ces facteurs et leurs interactions sur le rendement et ses composantes (nombre de pieds /m², nombre d’épis/m², nombre de grains /épis et PMG, rendement en grains et en paille, et indice de récolte) et d’autre part, leur effet sur les propriétés chimiques du sol (taux de matière organique, de phosphore, de potassium et d’azote) dans deux horizons de sol (0-15 cm et 15-30 cm) et sur deux parcelles analogues, homogènes et qui ont subi non seulement le même itinéraire technique mais présentent aussi les mêmes précédents culturaux au cours des dernières années. Les résultats de cette étude ont notamment permis de démontrer que les rendements en grains et en paille du blé dur n'ont pas été affectés par la pratique de travail du sol seul. Tandis que nous avons observé une différence marquée lorsque les pratiques de travail du sol sont combinées avec la dose d’azote en ce qui concerne le rendement en grains et qu’elles ont un effet notable sur le PMG quand elles sont combinées avec la dose de semis. En outre, la dose d’azote agit positivement sur le rendement en paille (la valeur la plus élevée est celles des parcelles à 120kg d’azote/ha : 10 264,79 kg/ha) et le nombre d’épis/m² contrairement au PMG. Quant à la dose de semis elle a un effet marquant sur le nombre de pieds /m² (les parcelles à 180 kg /ha représentent la valeur la plus élevée: 291,3 pieds/m²). Le taux du phosphore est affecté par le mode de travail du sol. Il est plus élevé en TC qu’en SD (respectivement, 93,85 ppm et 70,72 ppm). L’effet hautement significatif du mode de travail du sol x la dose d’azote était marqué pour le taux de potassium et du phosphore. Il convient de mentionner que le taux de potassium augmente en profondeur contrairement au taux d’azote, et que la profondeur x le mode de travail du sol x la dose d’azote ont des effets très hautement significatifs sur le taux d’azote et significatif sur le taux de potassium. Alors que l’interaction mode de travail du sol x profondeur a un effet significatif sur le taux d’azote. En conclusion, en dépit de ses avantages, les systèmes du non labour seul ne forme ni un idéal (certains paramètres sont controversés), ni le modèle unique à promouvoir en tout lieu, mais s’ils sont en combinaison avec une fertilisation azotée et une dose de semis raisonnée il y’aurait une amélioration de certaines performances.

This study was carried out at the Sidi El Aidi Experimental Station during the 2020/2021 agricultural campaign and at the INRA / ICARDA Biotechnology laboratory, with the main objective of studying the genetic diversity of 8 Moroccan genotype and 42 exotic genotype of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) on the basis of agro-morphological characters (date of heading, habit and height of the plant, length of the ear, length of the spurs in relation to the length of the ear, shape of lower glume shoulder, width of lower glume shoulder, length of lower glume beak, hairiness of outer surface of lower glume, color of dewclaws, shape of brush bristles etc.) in following the UPOV protocol for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing and followed by analysis of microsatellite markers. The results obtained showed the existence of a substantial diversity in the exotic genotype compared to the Moroccan genotype. On the basis of these results, similarity matrices were generated using the agro-morphological characters and Jaccard genetic distance matrix using the polymorphism of 8 microsatellite markers. These matrices were used to generate dendrograms, in order to estimate the genetic relationships between genotype. Our results suggest that agro-morphological characterization all the genotype can be distinguished among themselves. However, microsatellite analysis can distinguish certain genotype and are useful for the identification of this genotype. In addition, microsatellite loci detected substantial diversity in the collection (allelic range: 2-5; genetic diversity: 0.7556). However, the collection of exotic durum wheat revealed slightly greater genetic diversity at microsatellite loci (allelic range: 2-5; genetic diversity: 0.7392), compared to Moroccan durum wheat genotype (range: 2-4; genetic diversity: 0.72). The eight markers used in this study reveal dissimilarity between groups. Therefore, additional microsatellite markers are needed to distinguish all genotype. The present results on agro-morphological characters are of great importance for varietal identification, distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) when registering durum wheat genotype. Information on genetic distance and genetic diversity is also important for durum wheat breeding.

Drought is the principal abiotic stress which affect grain yield and quality of wheat at the global level, more particularly in West and South Asia, North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa. To identify marker-trait associations (MTA) and putative genes associated with agronomic and quality traits under rain-fed condition, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 214 spring bread wheat (Triticum atrium L.) genotypes from the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA). The study was carried out at Merchouch station in Morocco over a period of 2 years (2018 and 2019). The three best high yielding genotypes G212, G189 and G172 were selected for their excellent grain quality and recorded an average yield of 6.76, 6.72 and 6.67 ton per hectare (t/ha), respectively. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the mixed linear model (MLM), where 5841 polymorphic DArT markers were used for genotyping. A total of 42 MTAs (P < 0.05) and 11 genes were detected in this study, where 23 MTAs were recoded for agronomic traits and 19 MTAs were recorded for quality traits. The markers “836,912”, “1,042,644” and “368,094” were the most significant associated markers were significantly correlated with grain yield under rain-fed condition. The markers and candidate genes identified have potentials for marker-assisted selection to develop high yielding wheat genotypes with acceptable end-use quality, tolerance to heat and drought stresses.